- POSTING. Watch the video and write a one page – double space – summary of the presentation and your impressions/reaction. Worth 2 points.
This is the video it's on youtube
Burnt Out? | What Does Workplace Stress Do To My Body | National Geographic
CULTURE – a review….
Socially transmitted system of beliefs, emotions and behaviors
Enculturation – passing on the culture
Language – primary mode of transmission
Nature of activities, problem solving
Social relations – gender roles, how we relate to others
Motivation – how do we achieve, competition vs. cooperation
Time orientations – past, present or future
Perception of the Self – identity determination
11 Types of Cultural Difference
- Source of Control – I’m controlled or I control
- Collectivism-Individualism – Us-first or Me-first
- Homogeneous-Heterogeneous – Tight ties or Loose ties
- Feminine or Masculine – Relationships first or Achievement first
- Rank-status – Class difference or Equality
- Risk orientation – Security-seeking or Risk-taking
- Decision-Making – Long-term or Short-term
- Time use – Circular multi-task or Linear single-task
- Space use -Up-close, Arm’s length, or Distant
- Communication style – Indirect or Direct
- Economic system -Agricultural, Industrial, Post-Industrial . Virtual/Computer/Robotics
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Dimensions of Diversity:
Race and Ethnicity
RACE:
people are perceived as physically distinctive based on skin color, hair texture, facial features, etc., etc.
ETHNICITY:
people are distinguished based on shared cultural similarities, language, religion, history, geography, country of origin, customs, values, etc., etc.
STEREOTYPES
Strict, exaggerated, illogical beliefs associated with specific areas of life – such as people from other cultures, ethnic and racial groups
Stereotyping is a COGNITIVE process that allows us to manage new information
Danger: strong emotions attached to false stereotypes
Why do we stereotype other people?
Large clusters and categories to accommodate NEW information
Short cuts for immediate response
Quick identification
Form feeling tones or ‘gut’ feeling: favorable or unfavorable
Justifying our negative emotions about a particular phenomenon
Identifying our prejudices
Prejudice: PRE-JUDGING a person without objective confirmation of our beliefs…
Judging a group of people on the basis of “better-than” or “worst than” categories
Blind conformity to established cultural beliefs and customs
Using others as scapegoats
Prejudice is tied to our deepest fears….
Facts About Prejudice
Prejudice is found across cultures
Prejudice starts in the mind but it is expressed in our actions and feelings – it affects others around us
Discrimination
Discrimination involves BEHAVIORS, ACTIONS
Members of less powerful groups are treated in ways that disadvantage them
Facts About Discrimination
It is reflected in our actions, behaviors
It is found across cultures
A behavior or action is considered discriminatory in light of the REPERCUSSIONS it has on others
Power perpetuates discrimination
Negative Processes in Diversity
Exclusion of other people based on:
Belief that others are inferior
Belief that others are less intelligent
Belief that others are less hard working
Belief that others are more prone to violence
Belief that others are less patriotic
Belief that others worship the wrong God
Etc.
Cultural Influences on Stress
- Culture influences occupational stress
The way we identify it
How we evaluate it
How we deal with it
ALL DEPENDS ON OUR CULTURAL VALUES
INDIVIDUALISM – COLLECTIVISM
- INDIVIDUALISM – people define themselves primarily as SEPARATE individuals and make their primary commitments to THEMSELVES.
- Implications: loosely knit social networks in which people focus primarily on taking care of themselves and their immediate families
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INDIVIDUALISM – COLLECTIVISM
- COLLECTIVISM: Tight social networks in which people strongly distinguish between their own groups (in-groups, such as relatives, clans, organizations) and other groups.
- Implications: Collectivists hold primarily COMMON GOALS AND OBJECTIVES, not individual goals focusing exclusively on self-interest.
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INDIVIDUALISM – COLLECTIVISM
- INDIVIDUALISM IS CHARACTERIZED BY INDIVIDUALS SUBORDINATING THE GOALS OF THE GROUP TO THEIR OWN PERSONAL GOALS
- COLLECTIVISM: IS CHARACTERIZED BY INDIVIDUALS SUBORDINATING THEIR PERSONAL GOALS TO THE GOALS OF THE GROUP.
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INDIVIDUALISM – COLLECTIVISM
- THE SELF
INDIVIDUALISM: the self is autonomous and separate from the group
COLLECTIVISM: the self is totally absorbed in the group
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INDIVIDUALISM – COLLECTIVISM
- ATTITUDES
Individualism: more comfortable in horizontal relationships; competition is acceptable at all levels; confrontation is acceptable.
Collectivism: more comfortable in vertical relationships; dislike interpersonal competition; favor in-group harmony; confrontation is taboo.
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INDIVIDUALISM – COLLECTIVISM
- INDIVIDUALISM:
Free will and determination characterize cultures such as the US
People from individualistic cultures tend to believe that there are universal values that should be shared by all
Control of members is through internal pressures: GUILT
Individualistic cultures emphasize self-respect.
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INDIVIDUALISM – COLLECTIVISM
- COLLECTIVISM:
Determinism is characteristic of collectivist cultures – people believe that the will of the group should determine the members beliefs and behavior
Expect members of in-groups to look after their members, protect them, and give them security – in exchange for the members’ loyalty.
Example: Arab executives think that employee loyalty is more important than efficiency
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INDIVIDUALISM – COLLECTIVISM
- Collectivism:
Harmony
Fulfillment of others’ needs
Enforcement of rules through SHAME
- Individualism:
personal freedom
Honesty
Social recognition
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