NRS-434VN Health Assessment Full Course GCU

Topic 1 DQ 1

Describe the effect of extremely low birth weight babies on the family and community. Consider short-term and long-term impacts, socioeconomic implications, the need for ongoing care, and comorbidities associated with prematurity. Explain how disparities relative to ethnic and cultural groups may contribute to low-birth-weight babies. Identify one support service within your community to assist with preterm infants and their families and explain how the service adequately addresses the needs of the community or a population in your community. Provide the link to the resource in your post.
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Extremely low birth weight babies (LBWB) have a huge impact on the families and communities in which they happen. Those LBWB will need to be in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), and if you are in a rural community, that means a likely transfer to a bigger city hospital. It is stressful to have a baby, let alone one that needs intensive care. This can impact the family in several ways. Who is going to be able to be with the baby in the NICU, can impact the families finances and resources. This is especially true if the baby has to be sent to a hospital in a bigger city, you have housing, food, transportation costs that impact a family’s ability to provide. Long-term financial issues can include the need for continued supportive care and equipment. LBWB can have a myriad of complications including but not limited to respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), intraventricular hemorrhage (IVF), patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), necrotizing enterocolitis, retinopathy of prematurity, jaundice, and infections (March of Dimes, 2021). All of these complications can lead to lifetime disabilities and/or developmental delays that require ongoing care and support. Preterm labor (PTL), one of the leading causes of LBWB, is not equally affecting different ethnic/cultural groups. Non-Hispanic black mothers have the highest rates of LBWB, and PTL at 13.1% and 13.3% respectively. As compared to non-Hiospanic white mothers, at 7.0% and 9.0% (Almeida et al, 2018). Non-Hispanic black mothers are also more likely to live in low socioeconomic settings with fewer resources than their non-hispanic white mother counterparts (Almeida et al, 2018). In my community we have several different programs that are specific to providing resources and aid for LBWB, and those with lower socioeconomic resources. One that is state wide in California is the program called First 5, and my cities chapter is First 5 LA. They are funded through the tobacco and alcohol taxes in California, and the program goes from prenatal care through the age of 5 NRS-434VN Health Assessment Full Course GCU. Their goal is to provide services and referrals to help support and create healthy children regardless of ability to pay (First 5 LA, n.d.). Another local resource for LBWB, and Preterm infants is through Los Angeles County Health Services. They have programs for monitoring the development and early interventions for preterm infants, and those that had complications at birth (n.d.). These are just a few of the local resources for families that have LBWB, but there are more out there, including federal resources.
References:
Almeida, J., Erbetta, K., Bécares, L., Bettegowda, V. R., & Ahluwalia, I. B. (2018). Racial/Ethnic inequities in low birth weight and preterm birth: The role of multiple forms of stress. Maternal & Child Health Journal, 22(8), 1154–1163. https://doi-org.lopes.idm.oclc.org/10.1007/s10995-018-2500-7
First 5 LA: https://www.first5la.org
Health Services Los Angeles County: https://dhs.lacounty.gov/our-services/primary-care/premature-infant/
March of Dimes: https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/birth/low-birthweight

Topic 1 DQ 2

Consider the following patient scenario:
A mother comes in with 9-month-old girl. The infant is 68.5cm in length (25th percentile per CDC growth chart), weighs 6.75kg (5th percentile per CDC growth chart), and has a head circumference of 43cm (25th percentile per CDC growth chart).
Describe the developmental markers a nurse should assess for a 9-month-old female infant. Discuss the recommendations you would give the mother. Explain why these recommendations are based on evidence-based practice NRS-434VN Health Assessment Full Course GCU.

The presented nine-month-old girl’s head circumference is 43 cm, which is typically the average head measurement for girls, according to the CDC. The CDC estimates that girls’ average head circumference at this age is 43.83 centimeters (Miles, 2022). “The average length for a nine-month-old is 27.6 inches for girls, according to the World Health Organization” (The Bump Editors, 2017, para 4). The presented 9-month-old girl’s length is 68.5 cm, which is below average. Lastly, the weight of the nine-month-old girl is 6.75 kg, compared to the average weight of 18.1 pounds for girls (The Bump Editors, 2017).
In terms of growth, babies develop at a phenomenal rate. In fact, at month nine, the baby typically grows alarmingly. Miles (2022) stated that most infants see a noticeable increase in weight throughout the third trimester. The 9-month-old presented in this discussion is developing slower than the average newborn, weight- and length-wise. The nurse should advise the mother to continue breastfeeding or using formula but to introduce baby food if she has not already started. The mother “can expand her baby’s diet to include soft foods such as yogurt, oatmeal, mashed banana, mashed potatoes, or even thicker or lumpy pureed vegetables” (AAP, 2022, para 2). “Eggs (including scrambled) are an excellent source of protein, as are cottage cheese, Greek yogurt, and avocado” (AAP, 2022, para 2). Let the baby get plenty of rest. Have her child examined by her primary care provider once a month to monitor growth and development and to learn about proper weaning techniques.
For healthcare providers to spot newborns at risk for delay, they must correctly identify the developmental milestones. There is a wide variety of evidence-based screening methods available to help healthcare providers determine whether newborns are on track to fulfill developmental milestones or are at risk for delays. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) have made a list of evaluation checkpoints that doctors and nurses can use as a basis by the end of a 9-month-old’s evaluation. This includes the Ages and Stages Questionnaire, the Child Development Inventory, and the Parent’s Evaluation of Developmental Status (CDC, 2022). These trackers come in digital milestone tracker mobile apps for iOS and Android devices, and one can use the digital online checklist or print the checklist sheet (CDC, 2022). For social/emotional milestones, the CDC states that a nine-month-old should be able to show expressions such as clinginess, happiness, anger, sadness, shyness, and fear around unfamiliar faces; be able to look when their names are mentioned, react to being left behind, like crying or reaching out for their guardian; and smile or giggle when playing pee-a-boo with them (CDC, 2022).
In the cognitive milestones, such as thinking, problem-solving, and learning, a 9-month-old should be able to bang two objects together and seek toys or any item when dropped or hidden out of sight (CDC, 2022). For language and communication, a nine-month-old should be able to lift their arms as an indication to be lifted up and make sounds like “babababa” or “mamamama” (CDC, 2022, para 4). For the physical/movement milestones, a nine-month-old is expected to be able to move objects from one hand to the other, get into a sitting position without help or support, and use their fingers to “rake” food towards them (CDC, 2022).
Per the CDC, parents are their baby’s first teachers (CDC, 2022). It is crucial for parents to be familiar with the developmental milestones of their child/children. With this knowledge, it is easier for parents to include these activities in their babies’ daily routines and become aware of any unfulfilled milestones that need to be addressed with their healthcare experts.
References
American Academy of Pediatrics. (2022, August 12). Sample menu for a baby 8 to 12 months old. https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/feeding-nutrition/Pages/sample-one-day-menu-for-an-8-to-12-month-old.aspx
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022, July 5). What developmental milestones is your 9-month-old reaching? https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/actearly/milestones/milestones-9mo.html
Miles, K. (2022, April 7). Average newborn head circumference. BabyCenter. https://www.babycenter.com/baby/baby-development/baby-head-circumference_40009394
The Bump Editors. (2017, June 19). 9-Month-Old baby – Baby month by month. TheBump.com – Pregnancy, Parenting and Baby Information. https://www.thebump.com/baby-month-by-month/9-month-old-bab

Environmental Factors and Health Promotion Presentation: Accident Prevention and Safety Promotion for Parents and Caregivers of Infants

Assessment Traits

Requires Lopeswrite

Assessment Description

The growth, development, and learned behaviors that occur during the first year of infancy have a direct effect on the individual throughout a lifetime. For this assignment, research an environmental factor that poses a threat to the health or safety of infants and develop a health promotion that can be presented to parents and caregivers.
Create a 10-12-slide PowerPoint health promotion, with speaker notes, that outlines a teaching plan. For the presentation of your PowerPoint, use Loom to create a voice over or a video. Include an additional slide for the Loom link at the beginning, and an additional slide for references at the end.
In developing your PowerPoint, take into consideration the health care literacy level of your target audience, as well as the demographic of the caregiver/patient (socioeconomic level, language, culture, and any other relevant characteristic of the caregiver) for which the presentation is tailored.
Include the following in your presentation:

Describe the selected environmental factor. Explain how the environmental factor you selected can potentially affect the health or safety of infants.
Create a health promotion plan that can be presented to parents and caregivers to address the environmental factor and improve the overall health and well-being of infants.
Offer recommendations on accident prevention and safety promotion as they relate to the selected environmental factor and the health or safety of infants.
Offer examples, interventions, and suggestions from evidence-based research. At least three scholarly sources are required. Two of the three sources must be peer-reviewed and no more than 5 years old.
Provide readers with four resources: two community resources, one national resource, and one web-based resource. Include a brief description and contact information for each resource.

You are required to cite a minimum of three peer-reviewed sources to complete this assignment. Sources must be published within the last 5 years, appropriate for the assignment criteria, and relevant to nursing practice.
Refer to the resource, “Creating Effective PowerPoint Presentations,” located in the Student Success Center, for additional guidance on completing this assignment in the appropriate style.
Refer to the resource, “Loom,” located in the Student Success Center, for additional guidance on recording your presentation.
While APA style is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and documentation of sources should be presented using APA formatting guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.
This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.
You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. A link to the LopesWrite technical support articles is located in Class Resources if you need assistance.

Topic 2 DQ 1

Child abuse and maltreatment is not limited to a particular age—it can occur in the infant, toddler, preschool, and school-age years. Choose one of the four age groups and outline the types of abuse most commonly seen among children of that age. Describe warning signs and physical and emotional assessment findings the nurse may see that could indicate child abuse. Discuss cultural variations of health practices that can be misidentified as child abuse. Describe the reporting mechanism in your state and nurse responsibilities related to the reporting of suspected child abuse. Identify two factors that increase the vulnerability of a child for abuse in the age group you have selected.

There are several forms of child abuse. The World Health Organization (WHO) identifies them under the term maltreatment, and it includes abuse that is physical, emotional, and sexual. It also includes negligence, neglect and exploitation that can be commercial in nature (World Health Organization, 2022).
The most common abuse for toddlers is that of neglect. As nurses we can watch for toddlers that are withdrawn and nervous along with not meeting milestones or potentially regressing on milestones reached as red flags that there is a potential issue emotionally with the child (Gonzalez, D., et al., 2022). Neglect includes many environmental deficiencies such as lack of food and water, not taking a child to needed healthcare appointments, not providing a safe place to live, and not maintain a child’s hygiene. Neglect is reported to be more prevalent in homes that are in the poverty line, homes where domestic violence occurs, and homes that have more than two children (Gonzalez, D., et al., 2022).
I reside in the state of Idaho and our main contact for reporting abuse is the Idaho Department of Health and Welfare. Once contacted and reported, a case is created, and a social worker is assigned. Follow-up is then completed by the assigned social worker for further investigation if warranted. We do have to be mindful as nurses when reporting potential abuse as there are many cultures that have different practices for health management. Cupping is one practice that can leave marks or bruising on the body that can be easily mistaken for physical abuse (Xun Lin., et al., 2018). Regardless of cultural practices, it is best to report any instance that could potentially be abuse as it is better to over report than under report.
References:
Gonzalez D, Bethencourt Mirabal A, McCall JD. (2022). Child Abuse and Neglect. StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459146/
Idaho Department of Health and Welfare. (n.d.). Report neglect, abuse and abandonment. https://healthandwelfare.idaho.gov/services-programs/children-families/child-and-family-services-and-foster-care/reporting-neglect
World Health Organization. (2022). Responding to child maltreatment: A clinical handbook for health professionals. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/toolkit-on-mapping-legal-health-and-social-services-responses-to-child-maltreatment
Xun Lin, Hon Foong Wong, & Shih Chau Ng. (2018). Cupping, the past and present application. Chinese Medicine and Culture, 1(3), 121–126. https://doi-org/10.4103/CMAC.CMAC_37_18

Topic 2 DQ 2
Mar 20–24, 2023

Compare the physical assessment of a child to that of an adult. In addition to describing the similar/different aspects of the physical assessment, explain how the nurse would offer instruction during the assessment, how communication would be adapted to offer explanations, and what strategies the nurse would use to encourage engagement.

Developmental Assessment and the School-Aged Child

Assessment Traits

Requires Lopeswrite

Assessment Description

The needs of the pediatric patient differ depending on age, as do the stages of development and the expected assessment findings for each stage. In a 500-750-word paper, examine the needs of a school-aged child between the ages of 5 and 12 years old and discuss the following:
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Describe the different physical characteristics/findings within the school-aged child. Explain how you would modify assessment techniques to match the age and developmental stage of this child.
Choose a child between the ages of 5 and 12 years old. Identify the age of the child and describe the typical developmental stages of children that age.
Applying developmental theory based on Erickson, Piaget, or Kohlberg, explain how you would developmentally assess the child. Include how you would offer explanations during the assessment, strategies you would use to gain cooperation, and potential findings from the assessment.

Adolescence: Contemporary Issues and Resources

REVIEW SUBMISSION

Start Date
Mar 27, 2023, 12:00 AM

Due Date
Apr 2, 2023, 11:59 PM

Points
90

Rubric
View Rubric

Status

Ungraded

Assessment Traits

Requires Lopeswrite

Assessment Description

Research the range of contemporary issues teenagers face today. In a 500-750-word paper, choose one issue (besides teen pregnancy) and discuss its effect on adolescent behavior and overall well-being. Include the following in your submission:

Describe the contemporary issue and explain what external stressors are associated with this issue.
Outline assessment strategies to screen for this issue and external stressors during an assessment for an adolescent patient. Describe what additional assessment questions you would need to ask and define the ethical parameters regarding what you can and cannot share with the parent or guardian.
Discuss support options for adolescents encountering external stressors. Include specific support options for the contemporary issue you presented. NRS-434VN Health Assessment Full Course GCU

Topic 4: Health Assessment Of The Young And Middle-Aged Adult

Apr 3–9, 2023
Max Points:198

Objectives:

NRS-434VN Health Assessment Full Course GCU

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