NRS 434V Week 1 Environmental Factors And Health Promotion Pamphlet: Accident Prevention And Safety Promotion For Parents And Caregivers Of Infants
NRS 434V Week 1 Environmental Factors And Health Promotion Pamphlet: Accident Prevention And Safety Promotion For Parents And Caregivers Of Infants
Health Assessment – The Health Assessment of Infants
Grand Canyon University
Part I: Indirect Care Experience
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Develop a pamphlet to inform parents and caregivers about environmental factors that can affect the health of infants.
Use the “Pamphlet Template” document to help you create your pamphlet. Include the following:
Select an environmental factor that poses a threat to the health or safety of infants.
NRS 434 Environmental Factors and Health Promotion Pamphlet Accident Prevention and Safety Promotion for Parents and Caregivers of Infants
Explain how the environmental factor you selected can potentially affect the health or safety of infants.
Offer recommendations on accident prevention and safety promotion as they relate to the selected environmental factor and the health or safety of infants.
Offer examples, interventions, and suggestions from evidence-based research.
Provide readers with two community resources, a national resource, and a Web-based resource. Include a brief description and contact information for each resource.
In developing your pamphlet, take into consideration the healthcare literacy level of your target audience.
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Part II: Direct Care Experience
Share the pamphlet you have developed with a parent of an infant child. The parent may be a person from your neighborhood, a parent of an infant from a child-care center in your community, or a parent from another organization, such as a church group with which you have an affiliation.
Provide a written summary of the teaching / learning interaction. Include in your summary:
Demographical information of the parent and child (age, gender, ethnicity, educational level).
Description of parent response to teaching.
Assessment of parent understanding.
Your impressions of the experience; what went well, what can be improved.
Submit Part I and Part II of the Accident Prevention and Safety Promotion for Parents and Caregivers of Infants assignment by the end of Module 1.
While APA format is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected and in-text citations and references should be presented using APA documentation guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.
NRS 434V Week 1 Discussion 2
You are the registered nurse performing a health assessment on a newborn infant. From the functional health pattern portion of the assessment, you learn the mother is reluctant to breastfeed her baby. How do you respond? Explain the approach you will take to ensure adequate nutrition for the newborn, with or without breastfeeding. Provide rationale for your answer.
NRS434V
NRS 434V Week 1 Discussion 1
Discuss disparities related to ethnic and cultural groups relative to low birth weight infants and preterm births. Describe the impact of extremely low birth weight babies on the family and on the community (short-term and long-term, including economic considerations, on-going care considerations, and co-morbidities associated with prematurity). Identify at least one support service within your community for preterm infants and their family. Provide the link for your colleagues to view. Does the service adequately address needs of this population? Explain your answer.
uDiarrheal diseases- giardiasis, gastroenteritis.
uWater-borne & water-related diseases e.g. Typhoid, cholera, amebiasis.
uPoor nutritional status.
uImpaired child development.
uChemical contamination- Fluorosis, poisoning, and toxicity.
uInfant morbidity and mortality.
Contaminated water and poor sanitation are responsible for various diseases in children, many of which result in morbidity and mortality. The most life-threatening condition is diarrheal diseases. 80%-90% of diarrheal diseases are caused by environmental factors, specifically water and sanitation factors (Ezeh et al., 2014). Poor sanitation conditions at personal, household, and community level are responsible for a majority of diarrheal infections not only in infants but also in the general population (Ngure et al., 2014). Diarrheal diseases cause severe dehydration in infants that result in death. Besides, diarrheal diseases contribute to many children being underweight, having stunted physical growth, and generally poor nutritional status. Diarrhea also drains energy from infants resulting in impaired child development (Ngure et al., 2014).
Water contributes to the spread of diseases when it carries a specific disease-causing organism. Diseases caused by contaminated water are known as water-borne diseases, and they are prevented by improving the quality of water by ensuring it is clean and free from disease-causing organisms (Ezeh et al., 2014). Examples of water-borne diseases include typhoid, cholera, amoebiasis, hepatitis A, and poliomyelitis. Furthermore, water contributes to the transmission of disease when it is necessary for the development of a disease-causing organism. Such diseases are known as water-related diseases and include malaria, bilharzia, river blindness, and guinea worm. Infants are highly susceptible to these diseases due to their low immunity, and they often result in morbidity and mortality (Ngure et al., 2014). The water-borne and water-related are transmitted by contaminated water and poor sanitation in our households and community.
Chemical contamination by fluoride results in an irreversible condition called fluorosis. When infants consume water with high levels of fluoride, they may develop dental fluorosis, which causes stained teeth and skeletal fluorosis, which contributes to weak bones and crippling (World Health Organization [WHO], 2019). Infants below one year have the highest risk since their teeth and bones are in the developmental stage, and the symptoms begin to develop in their childhood years. In addition, when high concentrations of selenium contaminate water, it causes toxicity and poisoning in infants and adverse health problems. High levels of selenium in the body interfere with the absorption of micronutrients causing nutritional deficiencies (WHO, 2019).
Prevention of injuries to children and young people: the way ahead for the UK
Free
Elizabeth Towner1,
Heather Ward2
Correspondence to: Dr Elizabeth Towner, Community Child Health, Donald Court House, 13 Walker Terrace, Gateshead NE8 1EB (e-mail: e.l.m.towner@ncl.ac.uk).
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ip.4.2008.S17
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Injury in children and young people is not inevitable. Accidents and the injuries that result from them, are not chance events. Patterns of injury can be identified that reflect a person’s age, the environment in which children and young people live, and the activities in which they are engaged. Greater understanding of the causes of injury can help us in the development of effective preventive strategies. Opportunities to prevent injuries occur through a range of educational, environmental, and legislative approaches. We need to fully mobilise these opportunities to save lives and improve the health of children and young people in the UK.
When one considers the worldwide public health importance of injuries to this age group, it is surprising that only a small number of potential interventions have been rigorously evaluated. Moreover, of those with proven efficacy, many prevention measures have been poorly implemented. But there are a number of interventions that we know to be effective and others that have the potential to be effective. In this chapter, we attempt to distill the essence of injury prevention by first providing an overview of the broad approaches. We then discuss the specific interventions and methods that have been shown to be effective. The broader context of policies and cultures that affect injury are then set out. Finally, we pull together the strands to consider what is still required for more effective preventive action in the UK.
Approaches to injury prevention
The problems of injuries to children and young people stem from their complexity and wide ranging nature. Typical examples include an 18 month old child reaching up in a kitchen and pulling down a mug of scalding tea, an 8 year old falling from a climbing frame in a playground and fracturing her leg, or a 12 year old pedestrian knocked down by a car and receiving multiple injuries. These different types of injury occur in different environments and each has a range of possible counter measures. The multifaceted nature of the factors that contribute to injury: characteristics of the child or young person, parent, and family; the environment; social deprivation and exposure to risk—all need to be kept in mind when considering possible preventive strategies.
Generally, there are three broad approaches to prevention: education, environmental modification, and legislation and its enforcement, although in practice there can be much overlap between these.
EDUCATION
Traditionally education in this field has been seen in an excessively narrow way. Critics of its effectiveness have chosen to focus on changing individual decision making by children and parents, such as campaigns to increase bicycle helmet use and road safety education programmes. But, education also encompasses the education of professionals and policy makers and can include lobbying and advocacy. It also shapes the culture by developing the beliefs and attitudes of the general public, that create the imperatives for governments to act.1
ENVIRONMENTAL MODIFICATION
Environmental modification or engineering involves the design of products or of the built environment to reduce the potential for injury. Large scale measures adopted in urban traffic safety schemes can include measures to redistribute traffic and reduce its speed, and safety improvements in individual roads can be implemented. On a smaller scale, physical barriers, such as window bars, can prevent children from falling. Bicycle helmets and protective equipment, such as mouth guards for rugby players, can reduce the consequences of head or facial injuries.
LEGISLATION
Legislation or regulation can be used to reinforce safety practices. At one end of the spectrum these approaches include a single action that offers passive protection to vulnerable recipients. Examples include the control of nightwear flammability and design changes to banisters. Avery and Jackson2 provide a useful summary of children’s products covered by regulations or standards in the UK. At the other end of the spectrum, legislative approaches can require repetitive action—for example, the use of car seat belts or bicycle helmets. Intermediate between the two are child resistant containers to prevent poisoning and fencing of domestic swimming pools, each of which offer a degree of passive protection when used correctly.
What interventions and methods have been shown to be effective?
In 1986 a World Health Organisation (WHO) report highlighted the fact that, despite the worldwide importance of unintentional injuries, there was a lack of studies that evaluated the effectiveness of preventive measures.3 In the decade since the WHO review there has been considerable growth, both in primary studies and in systematic reviews of effectiveness.4–11 This section draws on these reviews of the evidence and summarises what has been found to work in the road, home, leisure, and work environments, and in broader community based interventions.
