Consider the opportunity for civil discourse (the concept of being able listen for understanding) on diverse teams. From a leadership perspective, discuss how you can facilitate interactions about diversity, inclusion, and equity among peers and those under your supervision without discounting the perspective of others. Provide a specific example to support your response.
Describe a situation from your personal work experience (do not disclose specific names) in which you encountered a toxic leader. Describe the traits that qualify this leader as "toxic" and indicate how the situation could be different if this individual applied the concepts of conscious leadership.
Spend some time reflecting below on where you currently are in your leadership capabilities and write a minimum of 250 words explaining what you have learned about leadership in the course and how you want to develop and improve as you continue your leadership studies and move forward in your field. Review the document “Essential Leadership Competencies” for an overview of the scope of effective leadership capabilities.
2
Vision:
In a minimum of 300 words, briefly articulate your vision for yourself as a leader 3-5 years from now. Where do you want to be? What kind of leader do you want to become?
The readings that I have completed throughout this week have not only widened my perspectives on the constraints of conventional null hypothesis significance testing (NHST) but also reinforced the significance of effect sizes as an immensely crucial aspect of any research conducted in the field of psychology. In the past, my critical analysis has mostly been based on the position of p-values as the most significant measurement of the significance of a finding. A review of Gravetter and Wallnau (2017), lecture by Andy Field (2005) on effect sizes, and the article by Cohen (1994) has enabled me to realise that statistical significance does not necessarily correspond to practical significance.
A key lesson learnt is that effect sizes are measures of the size of a observed effect regardless of the size of the sample. Although a p-value can tell whether an effect is probable to occur due to chance, it cannot tell whether the effect has real-world implications (Gravetter and Wallnau, 2017). Cohen (1994) argued that NHST is a ritualised exercise so that people often mislead researchers to think that statistical significance must be of scientific importance. Such an error may cause an overvaluation of small but statistically significant effects and in particular situations when the size of a sample is large enough to observe trivial effects.
Field (2005) presented the problem with the examples where the same mean differences gave both significant and non-significant results only depending on the sample size. As this demonstration has shown, NHST is greatly dependent on the sample size and thus a poor single measure of the significance of an effect. By contrast, due to their standardised representation, effect sizes, including those of Cohen d and Pearson r, allow comparison across studies and scales of measurement to enable the accrual of cumulative knowledge and reproducibility in psychology.
The fact that Cohen (1994) states that the null hypothesis is hardly ever true in the behavioural sciences was also particularly enlightening to me. Due to the nature variability of human behaviour, there is no true no-difference between the groups to expect. This then implies that the habitual rejection of the null hypothesis does not provide much informative value and that interests of estimating effect sizes and their confidence intervals are better suited to scientific use.
The development of a finer sense of effect sizes has not just sharpened my ability to respond critically to research results, but also will serve as a beneficial future addition to my own work, be it in the appraisal of clinical interventions, experimental design, or provision of evidence based practise. As an illustration, knowing that a treatment has a statistically significant effect is only of limited use unless one is also aware of and evaluates the size of that effect- what it means in practise to clients or communities.
In the future, I will use this knowledge by systematically searching, computing and reporting effect sizes alongside p-values. By valuing the scale and statistical significance of effects, I hope to be a more responsible practitioner in the field as well as to make sure that psychological science is rigorous and relevant.
References
Cohen, J. (1994). The earth is round (p < .05). American Psychologist, 49(12), 997–1003. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.49.12.997
Field, A. P. (2005). Effect sizes [Lecture handout]. University of Sussex.
Gravetter, F. J., & Wallnau, L. B. (2017). Statistics for the behavioral sciences (10th ed.). Cengage Learning.
Explore the intersections between career counseling and mental health counseling. The goal is to articulate why career development is not just a "vocational issue," but also a central component of emotional well-being, identity, and life satisfaction. In your assignment, you must answer the following:
You must include at least 3 resources, one of which can be your textbook, but does not have to be. You also must write in in APA format (times new roman font, 12 inch font, double spaced, 1 inch margins, title page, references page). 3-4 pages written in list format will not be accepted. This assignment must be written in narrative format.
This assignment is an analysis of local, state, or federal health policy.
– formatted per current APA style, 5 pages exculding title and reference page-
-Incorporate a minimum of 5 current (published within last five years) scholarly journal articles or primary legal sources (statutes, court opinions) within your work.
Mason, D. J., Gardner, B. D., Outlaw, H. F., & O’Grady, T. E. (2016). Policy and Politics: In Nursing
and Health Care. (7th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Saunders.
ISBN: 978-0-323-24144-1
a. Determine the main elements that must be completed on the authorization to make it valid and the six reasons an authorization would be considered defective.
a. Describe who would need to be notified of the data breach based and the timeline for the notification requirement.
b. Compile a list of what should be included in the letter to send to the individuals impacted.
The St. Fleur family is well respected in the Haitian community because they are religious, faithfully practice Jehovah's Witness, and have great moral values. Rhonda, the youngest daughter of this family, is 17 years-old and lives at home with her mother and father. Recently, she began having fevers and subsequently developed severe abdominal pain. She was admitted to the hospital, where laboratory tests were hCG and COVID-19 positive. Rhonda was in shock when the doctor informed her that she was pregnant and COVID-19 positive. She confessed to the doctor that she has been sneaking out during the Pandemic to see her boyfriend, but swears that she uses sexual prevention techniques. However, as her symptoms have de-compensated, she is rushed to the OR with a diagnosis of Ectopic Pregnancy. The family is at the bedside and reminds the surgical team that Rhonda's faith prevents her from receiving any blood products due to her religion and cultural beliefs.
What are Haitian's views on unplanned pregnancy and viral infections?
What are Haitian's views on blood transfusions?
What are your procedures/responsibilities as a Nurse Anesthetist if the family refuses blood products for Rhonda's emergency surgery?
References APA/Format – Minimum of two references per discussion posting.
