What is engineering? Many people have difficulty answering this question. In fact, engineering is a diverse field – there are many disciplines within engineering that can involve the application of a very different body of knowledge and skills. Nearly everything that is not “natural” (i.e., created by Mother Nature) most likely was designed and created with input from engineers. The shampoo you used this morning to wash your hair, the technology that cleans the water you drink, the buildings in which you live, work, and attend school, and the iPhone you use to communicate all involved the expertise of engineers in the initial design, building and testing, and final production.
All engineers are problems solvers. The differences among engineers in varying disciplines are dependent on the types of problems that they solve. In general there are four major disciplines within the engineering field: chemical, civil, electrical, and mechanical. Many other engineering disciplines are derived as an extension of or specialization within one of these major disciplines. For example, environmental engineering is a subcategory of civil engineering. Other engineering disciplines have resulted from the combination of aspects of two or more of the major disciplines. Mechatronics is a relatively new branch of engineering that incorporates both mechanical and electrical engineering principles.
In this activity you will investigate the four major disciplines of engineering and consider their impact on you and the world.
Equipment
Engineering notebook
Pencil
Computer with internet access
Procedure
What is engineering? Based on your current perception, in a few sentences define the term “engineering”.
Now investigate the engineering profession. Some websites that may be helpful in your research include the following.
Discover Engineering. www.discoverengineering.org
Engineering Degrees 101. http://engineeringdegrees101.com/engineering-info/why-become-an-engineer/
Engineer Girl. www.engineergirl.org
National Engineers Week. www.eweek.org
The Sloan Career Cornerstone Center. www.careercornerstone.org
Try Engineering. www.tryengineering.org
As you perform your research, record information that will help you respond to the following. Once you have gathered sufficient information, write your responses in the spaces provided.
Describe the four major disciplines of engineering and identify problems or projects that an engineer in each discipline might encounter.
Chemical engineering
Civil engineering
Electrical engineering
Mechanical engineering
Choose a discipline of engineering (other than chemical, civil, electrical and mechanical) that is of interest to you. Describe this engineering field and explain how it is an extension of, specialization within, or combination of one or more of the four major engineering disciplines. (Optional – create a PowerPoint slide to describe your chosen engineering discipline.)
Visit the National Academy of Engineering website on the Greatest Engineering Achievements of the 20th Century at http://www.greatachievements.org/. Choose one of the achievements listed and read the information provided about your selected achievement. Then, based on what you learn, respond to the following.
Describe your selected achievement in a few sentences.
Which major discipline of engineering do you think was most involved in the development of this achievement? Justify your answer.
Visit the National Academy of Engineering website on the Grand Engineering Challenges at http://www.engineeringchallenges.org/. Review your choice of an engineering discipline in number 3 and consider how an engineer within this discipline could contribute to the solution of one or more of the grand challenges.
If you were an engineer within the discipline that you chose in number 3, which engineering grand challenge would you like to work on?
Describe your selected grand challenge.
Why is a solution to this challenge important to the world?
How could you, as an engineer in your chosen discipline, contribute to a solution to this challenge?
Conclusion
What is it about “engineering” that is common to all disciplines of engineering? That is, what makes an “engineer” an “engineer” regardless of the work one does?
Why do you think engineering has been called the stealth profession? (Hint: there are many internet resources that address this question.)
How is an engineer different from a scientist?
What interpersonal characteristics do you think are important to the success of an engineer of any discipline?
© 2012 Project Lead The Way, Inc. IED Activity 1.5 Discover Engineering – Page 1
Activity 1.6 Discover Engineering Introduction
What is engineering? Many people have difficulty answering this question. In fact, engineering is a diverse field – there are many disciplines within engineering that can involve the application of a very different body of knowledge and skills. Nearly everything that is not “natural” (i.e., created by Mother Nature) most likely was designed and created with input from engineers. The shampoo you used this morning to wash your hair, the technology that cleans the water you drink, the buildings in which you live, work, and attend school, and the iPhone you use to communicate all involved the expertise of engineers in the initial design, building and testing, and final production.
All engineers are problems solvers. The differences among engineers in varying disciplines are dependent on the types of problems that they solve. In general there are four major disciplines within the engineering field: chemical, civil, electrical, and mechanical. Many other engineering disciplines are derived as an extension of or specialization within one of these major disciplines. For example, environmental engineering is a subcategory of civil engineering. Other engineering disciplines have resulted from the combination of aspects of two or more of the major disciplines. Mechatronics is a relatively new branch of engineering that incorporates both mechanical and electrical engineering principles.
In this activity you will investigate the four major disciplines of engineering and consider their impact on you and the world.
Equipment • Engineering notebook • Pencil • Computer with internet access
Procedure 1. What is engineering? Based on your current perception, in a few sentences
define the term “engineering”.
Free text
Engineering is the application of mathematic & scientific solutions. For example: When we are fixing cars we are using a lot of mathematic & scientific solutions so that the cars are able to take us places where we want to go. So there for that is what engineering is.
© 2012 Project Lead The Way, Inc. IED Activity 1.5 Discover Engineering – Page 2
Now investigate the engineering profession. Some websites that may be helpful in your research include the following. • Discover Engineering. www.discoverengineering.org • Engineering Degrees 101.
http://engineeringdegrees101.com/engineering-info/why-become-an- engineer/
• Engineer Girl. www.engineergirl.org • National Engineers Week. www.eweek.org • The Sloan Career Cornerstone Center. www.careercornerstone.org • Try Engineering. www.tryengineering.org
As you perform your research, record information that will help you respond to the following. Once you have gathered sufficient information, write your responses in the spaces provided.
2. Describe the four major disciplines of engineering and identify problems or projects that an engineer in each discipline might encounter.
• Chemical engineering
• Civil engineering
• Electrical engineering
• Mechanical engineering
Free text
Free text
Chemical engineer uses chemistry, physics, & engineering to materials that undergo other industries. Chemical engineering make new & improved projects.
Free text
Electrical engineering deals with motions of electronics, systems, circuts, & factories.
Free text
Civil engineering oversees the construction of facilities.
Free text
Free text
Mechanical engineering applies to the principles of mechanics & energy to the designs of machines & devices.
© 2012 Project Lead The Way, Inc. IED Activity 1.5 Discover Engineering – Page 3
3. Choose a discipline of engineering (other than chemical, civil, electrical and mechanical) that is of interest to you. Describe this engineering field and explain how it is an extension of, specialization within, or combination of one or more of the four major engineering disciplines. (Optional – create a PowerPoint slide to describe your chosen engineering discipline.)
Visit the National Academy of Engineering website on the Greatest Engineering Achievements of the 20th Century at http://www.greatachievements.org/. Choose one of the achievements listed and read the information provided about your selected achievement. Then, based on what you learn, respond to the following.
4. Describe your selected achievement in a few sentences.
5. Which major discipline of engineering do you think was most involved in the development of this achievement? Justify your answer.
Free text
Acoustical engineering
Free text
Achievements advancement in sound control & noise reduction across various fields like architectural design, product development, & environmental noise management.
Free text
Acoustical engineering, because it deals with sounds & beats with music.
© 2012 Project Lead The Way, Inc. IED Activity 1.5 Discover Engineering – Page 4
Visit the National Academy of Engineering website on the Grand Engineering Challenges at http://www.engineeringchallenges.org/. Review your choice of an engineering discipline in number 3 and consider how an engineer within this discipline could contribute to the solution of one or more of the grand challenges.
6. If you were an engineer within the discipline that you chose in number 3, which engineering grand challenge would you like to work on?
7. Describe your selected grand challenge.
8. Why is a solution to this challenge important to the world?
9. How could you, as an engineer in your chosen discipline, contribute to a solution to this challenge?
Free text
Advancing multi-pitch estimation & music information retrieval.
© 2012 Project Lead The Way, Inc. IED Activity 1.5 Discover Engineering – Page 5
Conclusion 1. What is it about “engineering” that is common to all disciplines of engineering?
That is, what makes an “engineer” an “engineer” regardless of the work one does?
2. Why do you think engineering has been called the stealth profession? (Hint: there are many internet resources that address this question.)
3. How is an engineer different from a scientist?
4. What interpersonal characteristics do you think are important to the success of an engineer of any discipline?
Assessment 5
Process Improvement Proposal
Instructions: Generate recommendations for process improvement and organizational fitness for a selected organization in the form of a 6-8 page proposal that is targeted for its management team.
Introduction
Note: The assessments in this course build upon each other, so you are required to complete them in sequence.
Healthcare leaders function within a complex, high-risk environment where errors can lead to injury and death. The goal of any healthcare leader is to assess and manage risk, while concurrently promoting a culture of patient safety.
Patient safety is the cornerstone of high-quality care.
Youngberg (2011) addresses the need for leaders to create a systemic mindfulness of patient safety within the high-risk healthcare delivery environment. Further, the author discusses high-reliability organizations, which attain next to zero error rates, despite a great propensity for error or catastrophic events.
Read further in the Assessment 5 Context [PDF] Download Assessment 5 Context [PDF]document, which contains important information on the following topics related to change leadership, risk management, and patient safety:
- Themes for Success in Leadership.
- The National Patient Safety Goals and Strategic Direction.
- Personal Reflection.
- Ethical Leadership.
- Professional Communication.
As you prepare to complete this assessment, you may want to think about other related issues to deepen your understanding or broaden your viewpoint. You are encouraged to consider the questions below and discuss them with a work associate, an interested friend, or a member of your professional community. Note that these questions are for your own development and exploration and do not need to be completed or submitted as a part of your assessment.
- How does a healthcare leader establish a culture of patient safety?
- How are risks to patient safety assessed and managed in your current or future work setting?
- What are the other types of risks that are assessed and managed?
- What are the important factors that need to be monitored in your selected work setting?
- How can you contribute to risk management and patient safety within your job?
Imagine that you are the new CEO of your organization, and are charged with transforming the previous status quo to an efficient, high-performing accountable care organization.
- Which tools would you put to work in your new position?
- What types of individuals would be needed for your executive leadership team?
- What competencies might be important to the team members?
- What processes, structural models, or frameworks from this course might help you as a transformational leader?
Reference
Youngberg, B. J. (2011). Principles of risk management and patient safety. Jones and Bartlett.
Preparation
Note: The assessments in this course build upon each other, so you are required to complete them in sequence.
The following resources are required to complete this assessment. These articles introduce the concept of using a balanced scorecard to motivate and measure a business unit's performance.
The goal of this assessment is to generate recommendations in the form of a proposal for process improvement and organizational fitness. Make your recommendations for your organization for the balanced scorecard presentation. Apply the concepts of balanced scorecards to create your recommendations.
Instructions:
For this assessment, continue to use the organization you selected in Assessment 1 on which to base your work.
In your proposal, use specific language and include evidence-based concepts from peer-reviewed literature, including a minimum of four outside peer-reviewed sources. Communicate information and ideas clearly, accurately, and concisely, including reference citations and using correct grammar. Include the following in your proposal:
- Present your organization's philosophy or culture statement: This includes analyzing your organization's existing organizational structures, mission, and vision.
- Convey the organization's values through an ethical, organizational, and directional strategy to impact the needed changes for quality improvement.
- Analyze your organization's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT).
- Present your organization's balanced scorecard.
- Communicate vision, strategy, prioritized areas of improvement with recommendations, and KPIs for each of the four elements of the balanced scorecard, providing a macro-level discussion.
- Recommend evidence-based and best practices for monitoring your recommendations and improving the metrics presented in your KPIs.
Additional Requirements:
Competencies Measured:
By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies and assessment criteria:
- Competency 1: Conduct an environmental assessment to identify quality and risk management priorities for a healthcare organization.
- Analyze existing organizational structures, mission, and vision.
- Competency 3: Analyze the processes and outcomes for a risk financing issue.
- Provide macro-level discussion on all four levels of an organization's balanced scorecard.
- Competency 4: Analyze applicable legal and ethical institution-based values as they relate to quality assessment.
- Convey the organization's values through an ethical, organizational, and directional strategy to impact the needed changes for quality improvement.
- Recommend evidence-based and best practices for monitoring and improving discussion.
- Competency 5: Communicate effectively using professional standards embracing diversity, equity, and inclusion.
- Communicate information and ideas accurately, including reference citations and correct grammar.
1
Change Leadership: Risk Management and Patient Safety
Transforming from reactive to proactive mode requires healthcare executives to understand the competencies central to high-reliability organizational leadership. Youngberg (2011) outlines the relevant leadership competencies as:
• The ability to reinforce the systems and structure to promote safety based on evidence drawn from the science of safety.
• The ability to create a culture that develops and supports those who provide care and services to allow for greater capacity for teamwork, risk awareness, risk mitigation, and resiliency.
• The ability to focus and align resources to create and promote advancements in safety. • The commitment to assure that evidence-based, patient-centered, and system-centered
work is done. • The promise to all concerned that honest, ethical dialogue with patients is necessary
when breaches in safety occur. (p. 296)
Additionally, healthcare executives must understand the characteristics of high-reliability organizations and the associated risk management responsibilities. These characteristics include trust and transparency, reporting, f lexibility in hierarchy, justice and accountability, engagement, and dedication to organizational learning (Youngberg, 2011).
Themes for Success in Leadership • Shared sense of purpose. • Authenticity. • A hands-on approach. • Data-driven, accountable, high standards. • Focus on results. • Clarity of expectations. • A collaborative culture. • Respect. • Limited hierarchy. • Open communication. • Teamwork (Youngberg, 2011).
The National Patient Safety Goals and Strategic Direction
The National Patient Safety Goals and Strategic Direction outlined by the National Quality Forum (n.d.), CMS requirements (HHS, n.d.), and the Joint Commission (2017) standards make it clear that effective leaders must be transformational.
The National Center for Healthcare Leadership (NCHL) competencies for healthcare executives includes seven domains:
• Action domains: Execution, Relations, Transformation, and Boundary Spanning.
• Enabling domains: Health System Awareness & Business Literacy, Self-awareness & Self-development, and Values
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It is appropriate to reflect upon how quality, risk, and regulatory compliance are affected, given the strategic direction from CMS and the NCHL competencies requisite for transformational leadership (HHS, n.d.; NCHL, 2018).
Personal Reflection
You may wish to reflect upon your own leadership development plans, and assess high-impact competencies for implementation of the content and context of this course. It may be interesting to compare your ratings from before you began this course to your assessment of NCHL competencies, now that you have entered the final phase of the course.
If you were to construct a balanced scorecard for your organization, which areas would your position effect? Take a step outside the mechanics of data analysis, strategic direction, and industry and consider your role as a future healthcare leader.
Ethical Leadership
Implicit within the NHCL competencies is the value of ethical leadership. The American College for Healthcare Executives' code of ethics serves as a reminder that our actions should be patient- and community-focused (ACHE, n.d.). As a healthcare leader, you will be expected to own the vision and mission, support the strategic direction, and remain flexible while upholding your role as fiduciaries.
Professional Communication
Another aspect of leading within this dynamic industry is the need to practice professional communications. What are the most appropriate forms of communication to support your efforts? E-mail and social media communications are fraught with potential miscommunication and liability issues. It is important to explore issues associated with a professional communication.
References
American College of Healthcare Executives. (n.d.). ACHE code of ethics. http://www.ache.org/ABT_ACHE/code.cfm
National Center for Healthcare Leadership. (2018). NCHL Health Leadership Competency Model 3.0. https://nchl.member365.org/publicFr/store/item/19
National Quality Forum. (n.d.). NQF's mission and vision. http://www.qualityforum.org/About_NQF/Mission_and_Vision.aspx
The Joint Commission. (2017). Facts about the national patient safety goals. http:// www.jointcommission.org/facts_about_the_national_patient_safety_goals
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. (n.d.). Accountable care organizations. http://oig.hhs.gov/compliance/accountable-care-organizations/index.asp
3
Youngberg, B. J. (2011). Principles of risk management and patient safety. Jones and Bartlett.
- Change Leadership: Risk Management and Patient Safety
Please answer each question in complete paragraph. Do not repeat the questions. All answers should be followed by a reference Any use of AI will result in automatic 0
Q1
· How does your organization measure up in providing a safe and healthy environment to provide feedback, exchange ideas, and communicate effectively?
· What would you suggest to sustain the environment (if your organization rates high) or take corrective action?
· When responding, take into consideration the key components of the communication process, the emotional intelligence quotient of individuals, and how technology has helped or hurt the process.
Q2
Think about a middle age couple or older age couple that you know. What are the positive and negative experiences that they are having at this stage of their marriage? How does what this couple is experiencing compare with the information presented in our readings?
Q3
Often, we tend to view marital instability in terms of the likelihood of failure. That is, people who are more likely to divorce are also more likely to "fail" in life.
The discussion of divorce trends helps us to place the question of "Who divorces?" in perspective. Think about the likelihood of divorce, using the information from the video Marriage & Divorce Rates Through History, the E-Book "Sociology of the Family: Chapter 12", and some of your other readings to discuss divorce.
What are some of the factors in our society that might lead to divorce?
What are some of the individual factors that might lead to divorce?
Have you seen this play out with the people you know? (Support your position with the readings and/or other sources)
After divorce many couples end up getting remarried. Existing data show that overall, remarriages provide men and women with more choices in controlling their lives, but reactions by stepparents are more mixed. Consider the many challenges of stepparenting that might interfere with the potential rewards of a remarriage. Give me your thoughts on this and use the readings and/or other sources to support your answer.
Q4
In today's digital world, it is hard to imagine not being able to find our favorite music streaming or our favorite television shows available at the touch of a button. Aren't you more excited when you find your favorites for free? Ah, the good ole days of free music online for download. But was it free?
Musicians and producers argued that programs such as Napster took away profits rightfully theirs. Music sharing is pirating and should be illegal. Read more about the ground-breaking case here:
https://onlinelaw.wustl.edu/blog/case-study-am-records-inc-v-napster-inc/
What you do think about the verdict? Are the artists right to want their fair share? Why or why not?
Q5
Describe what elements of the strategic plan have been revised based upon instructor and peer feedback during the course. Looking forward, what factors in the plan or in the environment do you believe will be critical to assure successful implantation.
Q6
Your discussion topic focuses on a trend in advertising we've all noticed – direct-to-consumer (DTC) advertising of prescription drugs. Should prescription drugs be advertised to the general public? Why or why not? What are the risks and concerns? What are the benefits?
Q7
Many businesses today, as corporate entities other than sole proprietorships, voice their political and social views in various ways. Voicing a view is not the issue. How business is conducted, ethically and lawfully, for a secular business purpose is the focus.
The subject of LGBTQ+ rights is an evolving constitutional issue for business. The Supreme Court has sent mixed messages, and in June, 2023, further muddied the line between a business' allegation of protected "speech" versus illegal discrimination, at least when it relates to LGBTQ+ members of the public.
The fundamental concept enabling a business to operate is the Commerce Clause of the U.S. Constitution. Let's start there.
Commerce is conducted in the public marketplace, which today encompasses a global internet as well as the street past your house or apartment building to the corner store.
Businesses do not operate in a vacuum. They are enabled by public community support in such infrastructure as utilities, roads, transport, safety and fire services, the internet service providers (part of utilities in one way or another), supply chain, and a plethora of other goods and services upon which a business and its owners rely to operate.
Unless a business by definition is serving only a limited clientele, (e.g. one church, a private club, a closed customer group), it is open to the public to whom it offers its wares or services. The business has a lot of freedom, and should have, but there are limits: cannot trade in illegal products or services; cannot operate at a location against zoning regs; cannot disturb the peace, dump toxic waste, encroach on other properties — you begin to get the picture. A restaurant can have dress rules – men must wear jackets and ties is an example. But that would be all men. Should it be OK to exclude African American men only, or Asians, and so forth? What is good for business? What is fair to the public?
And that brings us to the LGBTQ+ issue and the topic of "business rights" for this Discussion.
How does the Court find the 1st Amendment supports the web designer's position. What is the 303 Creative, LLC case's significance for business – any business?
Also consider these questions in forming your essay. (Do not "list answers;" – Use these questions to help your thinking in creating a thoughtful response.) Have gender identity, race, ethnicity, and other protected classifications now ceased to be a "compelling governmental interest" by edict of the U.S. Supreme Court in this one case? Do you agree with the Court's decision for the web designer as to businesses serving the public? Is there a limit to saying "no" to a customer who differs from your personal belief? Does this case now give businesses a license to refuse anyone who has a different religious belief, or skin color, or gender identity, for example? Suppose, in the wedding context, it is not a LGBTQ+ couple's wedding but a Jewish wedding? Islamic? Pagan? Biracial?
For some context here are 2 more earlier cases on this issue from the Court:
Arlene's Flowers Case – SCT of WA (U.S. Supreme Court refused to hear the case)
Masterpiece Cakeshop – SCt US opinion
Q8
President Bush
David Koehler
Compare and contrast former President Bush's claim that Iraq was a threat to world peace with David Koehler's position on the issue. Which claims are valid? Which are based on fallacious reasoning (note instances)? Who has the stronger argument? Why?
Q9 (Adrienne art)
Think about the various ways in which art exists in your daily life, identifying purposes and functions from the readings to elaborate on the necessity of art in your existence.
Then, using information from the reading to support your ideas, discuss how these works are comparable in purpose or function to those that exist in your daily life.
Your images should be FULLY IDENTIFIED with title, artist (if known), and date of creation (if known) in order to earn full credit on the assignment.
Q10
Which function of art do you think is most important and why? Use specific examples from the readings or from personal experience to support your response. Make sure any image you include is fully identified with the name of the artist, date of creation, and title of the work.
Q11
identify which of the formal visual elements (line, color, value, shape, mass, texture, and space) you think is most important and why. In your response, you should at least one work of art from the readings to support your answer. Make sure the work of art is fully identified with name of creator, date of creation, and title of the work.
Q12
You must research an unethical study/experiment, provide a summary, and indicate why the study is unethical.
Some examples of unethical research studies include
· Stanford Prison Experiment
· Milgram Experiment
· Operation Midnight Climax
· Tuskegee Syphilis Study
Q13 (c Mitchell)
Russia-Ukraine war: Russia-Ukraine War: A Professor's View
Links to an external site.
Short Assignment & Discussion Question: Watch the above clip. Then, answer the following question(s): 1) What is globalization? 2) How are war and globalization connected? Use the support of evidence from the above clip on the war between Russia and Ukraine. Utilize the information from the internet resources and the video clip.
Instructions: First, explain globalization in your own words with examples. Second, summarize the clip to present the relationship between the Russia-Ukraine war and globalization. If you do not have a textbook, utilize resources from the internet. Answer the above question(s)
