Polio Epidemiology Case Study Assignment

Polio Epidemiology Case Study Assignment

Polio Epidemiology Case Study Assignment
Please read the following case and answer the associated questions.
The following case study was adapted from the CDC Epidemiology Program Office, Case Studies in Applied Epidemiology, No. 891-903.
It is the early 1990s. The World Health Organization is planning a program for the global eradication of polio by the year 2000. Likura, a fictitious nation south-central Africa, may become one of the countries selected to test the effectiveness of WHOs polio eradication strategies. Unfortunately, little is known about polio in Likura. The Minister of Health therefore assigned the task of assessing the polio situation to a Ministry worker who has recently returned from an epidemiology course in Atlanta, and who is about to become the District Health Officer in the Ababo District. The Ababo District is a relatively poor rural district with a single hospital and several health centers. The Ababo District has attempted to conduct surveillance on polio cases and deaths over the past five years. The hospital, health centers, and all health workers are supposed to report such cases to the District Health Officer.

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Polio Epidemiology Case Study Assignment
One measure of the polio situation in a community is the prevalence of lameness in children, since lameness is a common sequel of polio.
Question 1a: What data might you use (or collect) to determine the incidence of polio in the population?
Question 1b: What data might you use (or collect) to determine the prevalence of polio in the population?
Question 2: What is the difference between active and passive surveillance systems? Is the Ababo surveillance system for polio passive or active?
To gather information on polio prevalence, vaccine coverage, and risk factors for polio, the District Health Officer conducted a survey of children in the district. Lameness was used as a surrogate for polio. The prevalence of lameness by vaccination status is shown in Table 4.
Table Lameness by Vaccination Status among Children 12-23 Months of Age, Ababo District, 1991.

Lame
Normal

Polio Vaccine
1 dose
1
242
243

0 doses
9
667
676

10
909
919

Question 3: What is the prevalence of polio (lameness) among vaccinated (1 dose) children?
Question 4: What is the prevalence of polio (lameness) among the unvaccinated children?
Question 5: What is the vaccine coverage (at least one dose) in this population?
Question 6: Interpret these data.

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